A.I. Artificial Intelligence (DVD)

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Principal Review by Yuan-da Eddie Feng:
(Warning: My exhaustive review of "A.I." discusses the film in great detail, including important plot and thematic points regarding the ending. You may want to skip to the technical portions of the review as well as the "Entertainment Value" paragraph if you have not yet seen the movie.)

Usually, when asked if a movie is any good, a person will respond by saying, "I liked it," or "I didn´t like it."

Either answer is the worst way to respond to the question.

I hate "2001: A Space Odyssey." I will never pay good money to own that movie (unless it is the very last print in existence, and I have to buy it to save it from destruction). Is it pretentious? Incredibly. Does its pretentiousness make it a bad movie? Difficult to watch, perhaps--slow, even--but not bad at all. I think that Kubrick´s space opus is a great, influential work, one with ideas and visuals that put other films to shame. I recommend that film to anyone serious about cinema, but I hardly like it at all.

I have a problem with people who post messages like "This film will confuse most audiences." Why do audiences hate movies that challenge them to think? Now, I know that most Americans walk into a theater with a single-minded purpose--to be entertained. For entertainment purposes, they should watch something like "Face/Off" or "Bring It On" (admittedly, in my opinion, two outstanding works), not "A.I."

"A.I.," the brainchild of a collaboration between Steven Spielberg, Stanley Kubrick, and Brian Aldiss, may have been a summer opener, but it is not a popcorn flick. Rather, it is a powerful philosophical treatise, one with a scope that discusses the very nature of man and humanity´s final destinies. Written and directed by Spielberg, the movie unsettles and jars with its frequent swings in mood, pace, and ambition. Yet, these shifts are intentional (as opposed to the rhythms of a poorly prepared feature such as "Pearl Harbor").

Based on Brian Aldiss´s late-1960s short story "Super Toys Last All Summer Long," the narrative´s focus remains startlingly prescient for mankind. The script examines robots, sure, but it also examines the very nature of man. What makes man "man?" What might enable robot to become "man?" Is man less of "man" than robot? Is robot a better "man" than man? Even more stunning is the notion that granting a machine "just enough" self-awareness, emotions, and a certain je ne sais quoi might result in a robot with a "soul." Might that mean that humans are merely scientific creations (chemicals bonded in some way), bodies/machines that happen to house "souls"; by that equation, we are faced with the possibility that a mind is as artificial as any cold, metal object, that a spirit is no mystic force but simply the idea of being able to grow without outside prodding.

As mentioned, Brian Aldiss wrote his story way back in the 1960s, but the film found its way onto screens only in 2001. Along the way, Kubrick wrote an 80-/90-page treatment and created hundreds of sketches, storyboards, and designs. Then, Kubrick called upon Spielberg to join in on the project. When Kubrick passed away in 1999, his wife and his brother-in-law implored Spielberg to bring the story to the big screen.

"A.I." begins with a meeting headed by Professor Hobby (William Hurt, doing his best to look, sound, and act like Liam Neeson), the director of Cybertronics. In the future, global warming has melted the polar ice caps, and coastal cities like Venice have been swamped. (Spielberg´s script doesn´t mention any cities other than European and American ones, and there is a certain level of ethnocentrism in the film, one aggravated by the politically correct gathering of characters in attendance at Hobby´s meeting--a gesture that rings a bit false.) The manufacture of robotics by firms such as Cybertronics has kept the world´s advanced economies healthy, and now Hobby wants to create a "mecha" capable of love. The world´s resources are scarce, and couples must apply for permits in order to have children. Hobby hopes to create new markets and to "fill a great human need" by creating a child mecha who will love a parent unconditionally without all the complications of having to feed, nurse to health, etc. of an "orga" child.

Hobby and his team select Henry Swinton (Sam Robards), an employee of Cybertronics, to test out David (Haley Joel Osment), the new mecha prototype. Henry and Monica (Frances O´Conner) have a gravely ill son who lies cryogenically frozen, waiting for a miracle cure. Initially, Monica resists David, even hating the robot child. You can´t just replace your own child with a robot, she screams at Henry. This prompted someone with whom I saw the movie to call Monica "a bitch," an assessment with which I disagreed. Why is Monica "a bitch?" She is in deep denial over the fact that her son may never wake again, and David happened to have set off the torrent of violent emotions that Monica repressed over the years.

David´s robotically "real" demeanor continues to unnerve Monica. She hates the machine, but she cannot help but look at how "real" it looks, with its haunted eyes and permanently affixed smile.

Gradually, Monica warms to David, and she finally activates the protocol that will program it to love her. With the love protocol set, David begins to interact with humans more "normally," like a real child. Just as soon as things seem to start looking rosy for the Swintons and David, however, Martin, the real son, recovers from his illness due to a miracle cure. Martin goes home, and through a series of misunderstandings, Monica feels the need to take David back to Cybertronics for destruction.

She cannot bring herself to send David to its end, however, and Monica abandons it in a forest instead. For the rest of the film, David undertakes a journey similar to Pinocchio´s. Having the story read to it once by Monica, David hopes to become a real boy and to go back home to enjoy the warmth and security of being with Monica. (Many people have expressed bewilderment, even outright anger, at how literally "A.I." uses the Pinocchio story as a frame for its story. Why?, I wonder. It´s not as if the film LIED about its sources and then slapped you in the face with them.)

During its travels, David meets Gigolo Joe (Jude Law), a mecha created expressly for delivering the pleasures of the flesh. The two mechas are nearly destroyed by Lord Johnson-Johnson (Brendan Gleeson) at something known as a Flesh Fair, a demolition derby where humans destroy "artificiality."

David and Joe escape, and they eventually arrive at New York City. There, David learns about the truth of its creation. In despair, it plunges itself into the ocean, where it sits in front of a Blue Fairy (like the one that Pinocchio meets) for ages, imploring, "Please, please, please make me a real boy." Two thousand years later, super-robots find David deep inside the frozen wasteland that is Earth (the ultimate ice age). They give David a chance to spend one day with Monica. What are these super-robots doing? Studying David, most likely.

At the end of the film, David goes to sleep for the first time in its life. The situation is not fully explained, but it´s possible that the other robots have simply shut it off for the time being, or it has learned how to expire, to die, after losing Monica for all eternity.

Spielberg´s script is deceptive in its presentation of "love." The word "love" is repeated continuously, but "robot love" is not Professor Hobby´s only creation. By imprinting a robot with "love," you create a machine capable of understanding all other emotions. Love encompasses joy, sorrow, courage, fear, anger. Love is everything and nothing, so that is why David comes to grow beyond its maker´s wildest dreams. However, its monomaniacal quest to become real and to gain Monica´s love set limits for its growth, too.

In one scene, Martin taunts David during dinner. Martin starts gobbling spinach, and David begins to emulate Martin´s gross behavior. Despite knowing that the ingestion of food will damage its circuits, David eats and eats until it stops functioning. In his review, Roger Ebert wrote about this scene, and he was left scratching his head. He wonders why David wasn´t programmed not to eat. The answer is simple--David knows that it shouldn´t eat, but it does so anyway. Why? In a word, LOVE. It loves Monica, and it wants to be a real boy and do all the things that a real boy can do so that Monica will love it back. Love skews its logic paths. Love, like all things human, is imperfect. The introduction of love into a sentient machine´s system will deprive it of objective thought, just as love causes humans to behave like idiots so often.

Most audiences, without thinking, will hate Lord Johnson-Johnson. They are utterly lost. The character makes good points about the dangers of mechas, and humanity´s over-dependence on smart machines means that, essentially, we have created things that will replace us humans on Earth one day. Keep in mind that while David happens to be the protagonist of "A.I.," it isn´t automatically the "good guy." (Example: Hitler and the Nazis are the protagonists of "Triumph of the Will," but does that make them the good guys?) It´s no one´s fault but the viewer´s for falling in love with David. Indeed, the Flesh Fair´s audience´s reaction to the near-execution of David is Spielberg´s/Kubrick´s way of laughing at the audience--are you really sympathizing with a robot that obsesses, with Oedipal fury, over a woman?

A lot of people have wondered why the other mechas at the Flesh Fair showed fear and other emotions. Well, it´s simple—any thing that understands its existence, that is self-aware, will desire some measure of self-preservation. The nanny robot sings and comforts David because of its programming, the comic robot cracks jokes because its programming makes him sound funny, etc.

I have the feeling that Spielberg, being the fan of Japanese anime that he is, probably lifted some ideas from what he had seen and put them into his own film about mechas. In particular, I think that he referenced "Bubblegum Crisis Megatokyo 2032" and "Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040," two anime series that examined the role of, yes, mechas in society. In both "Bubblegum" storylines, mechas help mankind accomplish much, but man´s inability to cope with an advanced species leads to violent conflicts. Should humans treat mechas as inferior subjects? Is it even ethically permissible to treat mechas with contempt and insult? "A.I." owes something to the sensibilities of Japanese animators.

The PG-13 bestowed upon "A.I." by the Motion Picture Association of America says little about the actual tone of the film. So creepy are its visuals and so disturbing are its messages and themes that children and individuals who are not quite mature in certain regards should be discouraged from seeing the movie. In particular, Spielberg manages to examine sexuality in complex, thought-provoking ways surpassing moments even in "The Color Purple" and "Schindler´s List."

The power of the imagery comes courtesy of Spielberg´s usual crew, cinematographer Janusz Kaminski, editor Michael Kahn, and production designer Rick Carter. In one scene, Monica peers through a pane of columned-glass, and David´s eyes are refracted into tens of eyes. Combined with that unceasing smile, David looks downright monstrous. The cold, sterile environments of the future effectively "chill" the mood of the film for its entire running time--everything is so gray, so efficient. Even when Spielbergian lights shine strongly, the film feels clammy to the eyes. Yes, Kubrick´s ghost haunts "A.I.´s" visual look.

Little needs to be said about the sheer technical proficiency of the special effects and the sound design. Spielberg knows that an effects shot must be assuredly established to allow for the audience to believe in the possibility of the visuals in question. Putting together master shots followed by more master shots gives the audience room to breathe and to inhabit the world of "A.I." The film may not be an outright step in innovation, but at the very least, it is the culmination of what is possible at the given time.

For all its sci-fi trappings, "A.I." presents a reality that is plausible. Yes, it uses Pinocchio as an inspiration, but David does not become an organic boy. No slight of hand, no deus ex machina appears to magically turn David into a human being. Spielberg grounds the film´s science in what we do know. However, perhaps David is a real boy in the sense that it is a creature capable of human growth (our current standard for judging "intelligence").

Ultimately, we are left with the question of whether or not humans owe any sort of emotional affect or even simple respect for machines that think. After all, if we respect other animals because they are "alive," what about creatures that "know" about their environments with the sentientability that humans possess? How do we treat mechas that "know" but are essentially just smart versions of our toys, our cars, our TVs?

Most of the reviews that criticize "A.I." indicate the reviewers´ failure to understand the film on a level higher than simply "watching a movie." I did not feel entertained by "A.I." (indeed, I was thoroughly disturbed after seeing it), and I resisted any affective pull from the film´s elements (Haley Joel Osment, Teddy the teddy bear, etc.). After all, one of the most dangerous (and simplistic) things that a person can do is to try to identify with a fictional character. Emotional attachments blind a viewer from seeing and understanding the full reach of a movie´s ambitions.

Such has often been the case with Spielberg´s films. Most people like or dislike his works for the "wrong" reasons. When one allows oneself to be seduced by a film´s sentiments, one can be misled or be persuaded to adopt a position one usually attacks. Case in point: Trent Lott said that he liked "The Cider House Rules" very much, and members of the media wondered just what an anti-abortion advocate liked so much about a pro-choice movie.

Admittedly, "A.I." does elicit strong feelings from me, but the film does not depend on emotions in order to be a successful endeavor. If you think about it, movies that are pure rides of emotions often fail because they require little thought. This concept can be seen in David´s unappealing side--all it cares about is Monica returning its love, and its odyssey is a decidedly simple one. However, and it does not know it, David´s quest questions everything thought to be so fundamentally key to mankind.

I know a group of people who hate Spielberg for his "sap." I honestly don´t understand these people--they don´t like to feel emotions? They don´t like to know that they´re capable of feeling "sentimental?" They don´t like how they lose control so easily? Again, it´s not a filmmaker´s fault that an audience member feels a certain way. The viewer is ultimately responsible for his/her responses to an object.

Therefore, individuals who harp on Spielberg´s "sentimentality" and "warmth" should be criticizing themselves for their inability to distance themselves from base, emotional responses formed instinctively as immediate reactions to a visual cue. Spielberg is no Chris Columbus, a filmmaker who relies solely on catharsis. Catharsis relieves you, but Spielberg´s films do not. Even the most emotionally draining of Spielberg´s works leave you with intellectual doubts and fears.

The cuteness of Haley Joel Osment´s face and Teddy will draw "awwwwws" out of a lot of people. Perhaps Spielberg did mean for these cute things to charm his audiences. Whether the director intended or not, "A.I." plays with emotions on a philosophical level. We may fall in love with David, but aren´t we falling in love with an obsessed robot hardwired with the most simplistic of programming? If our hearts melt upon seeing mechanical creations like Teddy (and special effects that don´t even exist in reality), aren´t we just clueless and at odds with our own humanity?